Ozone and Dentistry: Applications in Dental Treatments
Did you know that Ozone Therapy can be applied in dental treatment? Ozone in dentistry is a remarkable solution to reduce the use of chemicals and to give you healthier teeth. A dental treatment with ozone has several benefits, including disinfection and pain-relief properties.
So how can ozone be used in dentistry? Scroll down and you’ll learn!
Ozone is a powerful oxidant that effectively affects bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites at a much lower concentration than chlorine without any of its toxic side effects because at the end of its performances it returns to the form of oxygen.
A high concentration of ozone kills bacteria very quickly and is a thousand times more powerful than other bacterial killing agents. An ozone molecule is equal to 3,000 to 10,000 molecules of chlorine that acts 3,000 times faster killing pathogens.
There are several known actions of ozone in the human body, such as immunostimulants and analgesics, antihypoxic and detoxifying, antimicrobial, bioenergetic and biosynthetic (activation of metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids).
Dentistry has been experiencing a period of dynamic changes and growth. The dental ozone therapy treatment is becoming a common practice in some countries. Also, this therapy has been more accepted and beneficial than present conventional therapeutic modalities because it is a minimally invasive treatment compare to the traditional treatments.
Ozone therapy has a wide range of applications in almost every field of dentistry. Its unique properties include immunostimulant, analgesic, detoxicating, antimicrobial, bioenergetic, and biosynthetic actions.
Natural, safe, and effective, the ozone dental therapy achieves excellent results with no risk of allergic reactions or contraindications. Furthermore, ozone is applied at the time of treatment, eliminating bacteria immediately and reducing the recommended medication time.
Ozone therapy is a promising treatment modality for various dental problems in proximal future. Use of ozone in dentistry:
Periodontology – Gingivitis, Periodontits, Periimplantitis, Surgical cuts, Prophylaxis;
Dental and oral pathology – Caries, Enamel cracks, Root canal treatment, Tooth whitening, Dentinal hypersensitivity, Abscess, Granuloma, Fistulae, Apthae, Herpes infection, Stomatitis – Candidiasis;
Surgery – Implantation, Re-plantation, Extraction, Wound Healing, Coaguloapathy – prolonged bleeding;
Prosthodontics and restorative dentistry – Stumps and crown disinfection, Cavity disinfection;
Orthodontics and orthopedics – TMJ dysfunctions, Trismus, Relaxation, Myoarthtopathy;
Diagnostics – Vitality test.
It is also important to highlight that Ozone therapy has contra-indications. Always be in touch with your dentist or doctor, before introducing the therapy in your healthcare.
Studies have shown that 99% of all the bacteria causing tooth decay have been eliminated after 10 seconds of ozone exposure and even 99.9 percent bacteria after 20 seconds exposure.
(read full article here)
Dental treatment modalities of Ozone Therapy
The impact of ozone has been recognized in several studies on various types of caries (pits and fissures, non-cavities and primary root caries). Interesting data shows that ozone does not affect the sealing capacity of the glue system. Ozone therapy has also been used to prevent dental caries in the first permanent molar fissures in children.
Ozone in endodontics focus on its antimicrobial activity. Since polymicrobial infections complicate cases of apical periodontitis, ozone, due to its oxidative power, is characterized as an efficient antimicrobial and its indication for use in endodontic therapy seems quite appropriate. Its antimicrobial action has been demonstrated against bacterial strains such as Mycobacteria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans using in vitro research models.
Hyper-Sensitive Teeth – Enamel and Dentine loss occurring due to multiple factors like attrition, abrasion, erosion, trauma from occlusion may cause hyper sensitivity and diagnosis of etiology is vital. After elimination of cause an ozone application is found to instantly reduce pain in these sensitive teeth. Ozone removes the smear layer, opening the dentinal tubules, widening its diameter and then the calcium and fluoride ions flow into the tubules in an easy, deep and effective way to cover the dentinal tubules, preventing the exchange of fluids through these tubules. In this way, ozone quickly eliminates the problem of root sensitivity and its effect lasts longer than conventional methods.
Proximal Caries Lesions and root caries – The application of ozone significantly reduces the presence of S. mutans, however, longer applications are also very efficient in the elimination of cariogenic species such as S. mutans, L.casei and A.naeslundii in carious root lesions. However, if there are carious lesions that can be detected on the X-ray, the exposure to ozone has to be increased and has to be followed by a restoration.
Bleaching – Ozone can be used for tooth bleaching with very satisfactory results. After root canal treatment, crown discoloration is a major aesthetic problem. Ozone was been successfully used for lightening the yellowish tinge. The bleaching effect with ozone is seen when the bleaching agent is placed in the access cavity & crown is exposed to ozone.
Vital Root Canal Therapy – After effective biomechanical preparation, irrigation with Ozonated water significantly reduces the bacterial population in the root canal.
Because of its high oxidation potential, it is effective against various microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa which are necessary for plaque maintenance.
Ozone has been established as a potent denture cleansing agent due to its antiplaque properties. The bacterial plaque that accumulates in the dentures is composed of several oral microorganisms, mainly C. albicans.
Denture stomatitis is routinely encountered in clinical practice which is a manifestation of plaque accumulation on the surface of the denture and hence effective denture plaque control should be initiated to prevent such outcomes. One successful method to do so is the use of ozone as denture cleaner. The control of the denture plate is essential for the prevention of prosthetic stomatitis.
The application of ozonated water in combination with ultrasonography in C. albicans has been shown to be a viable solution in reducing the number of C. albicans.
Soft tissue lesions like herpes, aphthae, removable denture ulcers, cuts, cheilitis, candidiasis, cysts and traumatic wounds can be treated with either Ozonated water or oils. The disinfectant and healing properties help in the healing of these lesions.
Ozone is known to encourage wound healing as well as control opportunistic infection. The influence of ozonated water on the healing process of epithelial wounds in the oral cavity was observed by A. Filippi (in “PCNA expression of cementoblasts and fibroblasts on the root surface after extraoral rinsing for decontamination. Dent Traumatol 2002”).
After a tooth is extracted or any surgical procedure the area is irrigated and insufflated which promotes faster healing without complications. It has been found that daily applied ozonated water can accelerate the healing rate in the buccal mucosa. This effect can be observed on the first two postoperative days without the need for systemic medication. Ozonized oil may be effective in treating alveolitis. After tooth extraction and in case of post-extraction complications ozone is very useful both in disinfection and elimination of bacteria and in the acceleration of the healing process.
Chronic or recurrent infections in the oral cavity;
Eliminates bacterial pathogens (biofilm purging);
Reduces infections of denture prosthetics of fungus, yeast, bacteria and virus;
Periodontal pocket disinfection and osseous disinfection;
Dental caries prevention and remineralization;
Endodontic treatments;
Tooth extraction;
Tooth sensitivity;
Gum recession (exposed root surfaces);
Pain control;
Infection control;
Plaque control;
Pre-washing of surgical sites and disinfects post-extraction;
Accelerated healing;
Tissue regeneration;
Controlling bad breath (halitosis);
Remineralization of tooth surface;
Bleaching teeth;
and much more.
Gengival and Periodontal diseases represent a major concern both in dentistry and medicine. The dental biofilm makes the use of antibiotics in the direction of putative periodontal pathogens, requiring higher concentrations of antibiotic to achieve positive results. The application of ozone in periodontics has shown promising results as far as the aqueous ozone gas are used as substitutes mechanical debridement.
Ozonized water (4mg / l) inhibits dental plaque formation and reduces the number of subgingival pathogens, both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Moreover, ozonated water has a strong bactericidal activity against bacteria in the biofilm plates and inhibits plaque accumulation.
The application of ozone on gingival and periodontal chronic diseases have revealed improvements of their condition, as well as patients with periodontal abscess without exudation.
Ozonated water can be used:
as a powerful disinfectant;
in its ability to control bleeding;
in its ability to cleanse wounds in bones and soft tissues;
to improve healing, by increasing the local supply of oxygen to the wound area;
to increase temperature in the area of the wound, and this increases the metabolic processes related to wound healing.
Benefits
There are several benefits to use ozone therapy because ozone is a powerful and natural agent that kills bacteria, fungus, viruses and parasites with antiseptic properties that makes it a wonderful tool to disinfect.
In dentistry, ozone is a fantastic tool to disinfect surgical and extraction sites, implant perpetration sites and areas of infections, leaving no unpleasant side effects.
Using ozone, improves healing, decreases inflammation, pain and swelling in the treated area, preserving the integrity of natural teeth as much as possible.
There are several ways to apply ozone during dental treatments without taking away their properties:
As a hygienizer making regular mouthwash during treatment;
As infusion in the infected maxillary bone (cavitation);
As an infusion in the temporomandibular joint for the treatment of pain and inflammation;
As an irrigant with high concentrations during surgical procedures;
As an irrigant with high concentrations during the new root canal therapy to disinfect the involved tooth;
Use of ozonated olive oil for periodontal disease (adjunctive therapy);
and much more.
Thus, the dental ozone therapy decreases the treatment time, it eliminates the bacteria and parasites more precisely and, moreover, it is completely painless.
Scientific Articles
ANKIT KUMAR SHAHI, PIUSH KUMAR, DIVYA SHETTY, ANSHI JAIN, PAYAL SHARMA, MONIS RAZA| 2021, August 4th | Effect of antimicrobial agents on the oral microflora in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy–An ex vivo comparative analysis
MAHMOOD ALIMOHAMMADI, MAZIAR NADERI | 2020, October 1st | Effectiveness of Ozone Gas on Airborne Virus Inactivation in Enclosed Spaces: A Review Study
FELIPE AGOSTINI, MELISSA FACCINI, FRANCISCO FITARELLI, MARIANA A. L. ORTIZ, SAMIRA SALMERON, RICARDO C. G. OLIVEIRA, FABRICIO P. VALARELLI, RENATA C. OLIVEIRA, KARINA M. S. FREITAS | 2020, October 1st | In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial Effect of Ozonated Water and Ozonated Gas
SUSAN CANGUL, BEGUM ERPACAL, OZKAN ADIGUZEL, SAVAS SAGMAK, SERVER UNAL, SAMET TEKIN | 2020, March 30th | Does the Use of Ozone as a Cavity Disinfectant Affect the Bonding Strength of Antibacterial Bonding Agents?
MOHSEN HAGHIGHI, VAHID KAZEMI MOGHADDAM, ARASB DABBAGH MOGHADDAM, NASTUNA GHANBARI SAGHARLOO, REZA KOUHI | 2019, June 10th | Optimization of Ozonation Process for Disinfection of Dental Unit Waterlines Using Response Surface Methodology
YELIZ HAYRAN, SULE UGBA DENIZ, ALI AYDIN | 2019, June 5th | Antimicrobial Activity of Ozone against Pathogenic Oral Microorganisms on Different Denture Base Resins
METIN ÇALISIR, AHMET CEMIL TALMAC, BILAL EGE, ÖMER POYRAZ, EBRU DUMLUPINAR | 2019, February 7th | The Effect of Ozone Gas on IL-1β and IL-10 Levels of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
ANTONELLO PULGA | 2018, December 18th | Oxygen-ozone therapy in dentistry: current applications and future prospects
PIERMARCO BABANDO | 2017, October 4th | Ozone therapy in dentistry: clinical experiences
SANSRITI TIWARI, ALOK AVINASH, SHASHANK KATIYAR, A. AARTHI IYER, SUYOG JAIN | 2017, February 23rd | Dental applications of ozone therapy: A review of literature
SARASWATHI V. NAIK, RAJESHWARI K, SHIVANI KOHLI, SAYYAD ZOHABHASAN, SHEKHAR BHATIA | 2016, May 11th | Ozone- A Biological Therapy in Dentistry- Reality or Myth?????
MAYA SANJEEV INDURKAR, RENU VERMA | 2016, January-Feburuary | Effect of ozonated oil and chlorhexidine gel on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized control clinical trial
MARIA LAURA ROSATO, MARCO MAININI, MARGHERITA LOUNGO, LUIGI MASCOLO, SILVANA MATTERA, LUCA SCHIAFFINO | 2016, January 20th | Oxygen-ozone therapy: our experience in the treatment of hard-root conflicts
GIANLUCA SACCO, GUGLIELMO CAMPOS | 2016, January 18th | The treatment of periodontal disease using local oxygen-ozone
PÂMELA M. M. FONSECA, LUCIANO DOS S. FEITOSA, ADRIANA B. FERNANDES, RENATO A. ZÂNGARO, WALTER MIYAKAWA, CARLOS J. DE LIMA | 2015, January 16th | Disinfection of Dental Instruments Contaminated with Streptococcus mutans Using Ozonated Water Alone or Combined with Ultrasound
WILLIAM C. DOMB | 2014, October 17th | Ozone Therapy in Dentistry
SHILPA REDDY A, NARENDER REDDY, SAINATH DINAPADU, MANORANJAN REDDY, SRIKANTH PASARI | 2013, June 23rd | Role of Ozone Therapy in Minimal Intervention Dentistry and Endodontics – A Review
ADUSUMILLI SRIKANTH, MANTHENA SATHISH, ANUMOLU V. S. HARSHA | 2013, June | Application of ozone in the treatment of periodontal disease
D. ZIMMERMANN, A. FILIPPI | 2012, December 5th | Ozonized Water in Dental Traumatology – A Preliminary Study on the Treatment of Avulsed Teeth, in Vitro
G. GUPTA, B. MANSI | 2012, March 5th | Ozone therapy in periodontics
MICHAEL SCHECTER | 2012, June 1st | Ozone in Dentistry
SUSHMA JAJU, PRASHANT P. JAJU | 2011, November 30th | Newer Root Canal Irrigants in Horizon: A Review
RAJIV SAINI | 2011, July-December | Ozone therapy in dentistry: A strategic review
JASON AMES, THOMAS MANNING, MARK RETTERBUSH, JESSANNA SMITH, KIM RIDDLE | 2010, December 3rd | Influence of Ozone on the Oxidation of Flowable Dental Compomer Restorative Material
A. FILIPPI | 2010, November 29th | The influence of the water heater in dental chairs on the ozone concentration in the water used
A. FILIPPI | 2010, November 29th | Ozone in oral surgery ‐ current status and prospects
A. FILIPPI | 2010, November 29th | Ozone is the most effective disinfectant for dental treatment units: Results after 8 years of comparison
A. W. BRAUNER | 2008, July 23rd | Periodontology: New Methods
RAJEEV KUMAR GARG, SANDEEP TANDON | 2009, January | Ozone: A new face of dentistry
CARLOS G. NOGALES, PATRÍCIA H. FERRARI, EFRAIM O. KANTOROVICH, JOSÉ L. LAGE-MARQUES | 2008, May 1st | Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry
A. FILIPPI | 2008, April 7th | Ozone In Room Air When Using Water Ozonating Equipment In The Dental Treatment Area
A. FILIPPI | 2007, October 24th | Water Disinfection of Dental Units using Ozone – Microbiological Results after 11 Years and Technical Problems
FÁBIO S. BORGES, PATRICIA F. MEYER, RODRIGO S. JAHARA, ENEIDA M. CARREIRO, PIETRO A. ANTONUZZO, FELICE PICARIELLO, CESARE DI PALMA | 2021, December | Fundamentals of the Use of Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Aesthetic Disorders: A Review
PAUL JACONELLO | 2016, March 1st | The Disease-Fighting and Anti-aging Power of Ozone Therapy
LUCA MORELLI, SIMONA C. BRAMANI, FEDERICO C. MORELLI | 2019, April 11th | Oxygen-ozone therapy in meningoencephalitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. Treatment in the field of competitive sports: case report
UMBERTO TIRELLI, CINZIA CIRRITO, MARTINA PAVANELLO | 2018, September 13th | Ozone therapy is an effective therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: result of an Italian study in 65 patients
ROBERTO MORELLO, MARIANA PICCOLI | 2016, September 26th | Irrepressible pain treatment: Small Auto Emo Infusion and subcutaneous infiltrations of oxygen-ozone monitored with echography
FRANCISCO DE NÊUTON, OLIVEIRA MAGALHÃES, SANDRA C. SOARES, JAQUELINE M. TORRES, ARTHUR UNGARETTI, MARIANA F. CACCIACARRO, MANOEL J. TEIXEIRA, ERICH T. FONOFF | 2013, November 12th | Effects of ozone applied by spinal endoscopy in patients with chronic pain related to failed back surgery syndrome: a pilot study
IRENE FALCÓ, WALTER RANDAZZO, GLORIA SÁNCHEZ, JOSE VILARROIG, JAVIER CLIMENT, SERGIO CHIVA, A. CHICA, J. NAVARRO-LABOULAIS | 2021, October | Experimental and CFD evaluation of ozone efficacy against coronavirus and enteric virus contamination on public transport surfaces
G. FRANKE, B. KNOBLING, F. H. BRILL, B. BECKER, E. M. KLUPP, C. BELMAR CAMPOS, S. PFEFFRLE, M. LÜTGEHETMANN, J. K. KNOBLOCH | 2021, June | An automated room disinfection system using ozone is highly active against surrogates for SARS-CoV-2
HIROKO INAGAKI, AKATSUKI SAITO, PUTU EKA SUDARYATMA, HIRONOBU SUGIYAMA, TAMAKI OKABAYASHI, SHOUICHI FUJIMOTO | 2021, May 19th | Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Ozonated Water
HILÁRIA M. DE SOUZA, GEOVANA D. SAVI, THAUAN GOMES, WILLIAM A. CARDOSO, MAYKON CARGNIN, ELIDIO ANGIOLETTO | 2021, April 8th | Ozone Application in COVID-19 Triage Areas and Its Efficiency of Microbial Decontamination
TEL-AVIV UNIVERSITY | 2021, February 17th | Researchers have proved that that ozone is effective in disinfecting coronavirus
SOUMYA N. MANJUNATH, M. SAKAR, MANMOHAN KATAPADI, R. GEETHA ALAKRISHNA | 2021, February | Recent case studies on the use of ozone to combat coronavirus: Problems and perspectives
INES ZUCKER, YAAL LESTER, JOEL ALTER, MICHAL WERBNER, YINON YECHESKEL, MEITAL GAL-TANAMY, MOSHE DESSAU | 2021, January 13th | Pseudoviruses for the assessment of coronavirus disinfection by ozone
ELENA GRIGNANI, ANTONELLA MANSI, RENATO CABELLA, PAOLA CASTELLANO, ANGELO TIRABASSO, RENATA SISTO, MARIANGELA SPAGNOLI, GIOVANNI FABRIZI, FRANCESCO FRIGERIO, GIOVANNA TRANFO | 2020, December 24th | Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19
CHRISTINA MORRISON, ARIEL ATKINSON, ARASH ZAMYDI, FAITH KIBUYE, MICHAEL McKIE, SAMANTHA OGERD, PHIL MOLLICA, SAAD JASIM, ERIC C. WERT | 2020, December 21st | Critical Review and Research Needs of Ozone Applications Related to Virus Inactivation: Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2
RONALDO B. MARTINS, ITALO A. CASTRO, MARJORIE PONTELLI, JULIANO P. SOUZA, THAIS M. LIMA, STELLA R. MELO, JOÃO P. Z. SIQUEIRA, MAICON H. CAETANO, EURICO ARRUDA, MARGARETE T. G. DE ALMEIDA | 2020, November 3rd | SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation by Ozonated Water: A Preliminary Alternative for Environmental Disinfection
CHEDLY TIZAOUI | 2020, June 27th | Ozone: A Potential Oxidant for COVID-19 Virus (SARS-CoV-2)
GOVINDARAJ DEV KUMAR, ABHINAV MISHRA, LAUREL DUNN, ANNA TOWNSEND, IKECHUKWU CHUKWUMA OGUADINMA, KELLY R. BRIGHT, CHARLES P. GERBA | 2020, June 23rd | Biocides and Novel Antimicrobial Agents for the Mitigation of Coronaviruses
BARRY L. LOEB | 2020, June 17th | Ozone and the Coronavirus
ROBERT JAY ROWEN, HOWARD ROBINS | 2020, March | A Plausible “Penny” Costing Effective Treatment for Corona Virus – Ozone Therapy
H. J. BREIDABLIK, D. E. LYSEBO, L. JOHANNESSEN, A. SKARE, J. R. ANDRESEN, O. T. KLEIVEN | 2019, February 4th | Ozonized water as an alternative to alcohol-based hand disinfection
ROBERT KUSHMAKOV, JASON GANDHI, OMAR SEYAM, WENDY JIANG, GUNJAN JOSHI, NOEL L. SMITH, SARDAR ALI KHAN | 2018, September | Ozone therapy for diabetic foot
MORTEZA IZADI, NEMATOLLAH JONAIDI JAFARI, MAHBOOBEH SADAT HOSSEINI, OMID AAFAAT | 2017 | Therapeutic effects of ozone in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: review of the literature
MARIA LAURA ROSATO, LUCA SCHIAFFINO, MARGHERITA LUONGO, LUIGI MASCOLO, SILVANA MATTERA, MARCO MAININI | 2016, April 5th | Oxygen-ozone therapy effects on PaO2 value in a diabetic patient suffering from chronic peripheral obliterative arteriopathy
GREGORIO MARTÍNEZ-SÁNCHEZ, SAIED M AL-DALAIN, ILVIA MENÉNDEZ, LAMBERTO RE, ATTILIA GIULIANI, EDUARDO CANDELARIO-JALIL, HECTOR ALVAREZ, JOSÉ I. FERNÁNDEZ-MONTEQUIN, OLGA S. LEÓN | 2005, September 29th | Therapeutic efficacy of ozone in patients with diabetic foot
FORTUNATO LOPRETE, FRANCESCO VAIANO | 2017, December 31st | The use of ozonated water and rectal insufflation in patients with intestinal dysbiosis
RENAN F. MARSON, LÍVIA H. M. S. MELO, RENATO A. ZÂNGARO, CARLOS J. DE LIMA, ADRIANA B. FERNANDES | 2016, June 20th | Use of Ozonated Water for Disinfecting Gastrointestinal Endoscopes
JENNIFER L. CANNON, GRISHMA NOTWAL, QING WANG | 2013, April 23rd | Inactivation of Norovirus Surrogates after Exposure to Atmospheric Ozone
CARLO GASPERONI, PAOLO GASPERONI, M. STELLA MALAVENDA | 2018, September 13th | The use of intraoperative oxygen-ozone therapy to prevent capsular contracture in breast augmentation
PAOLO BARONE | 2017, October 4th | Oxygen-ozone therapy in a multidisciplinary day surgery: Design and applications
VIPIN THAKKAR, HARSH THAKKAR | 2014, October-December | Ozone (O3): an excellent adjunctive tool in medical and surgical management of patient
MAHMOOD ALIMOHAMMADI, MAZIAR NADERI | 2020, October 1st | Effectiveness of Ozone Gas on Airborne Virus Inactivation in Enclosed Spaces: A Review Study
ROBERT DENNIS, BEHNAM POURDEYHIMI, AVERY CASHION, STEVE EMANUEL, DEVIN HUBBARD | 2020, April 24th | Durability of Disposable N95 Mask Material When Exposed to Improvised Ozone Gas Disinfection
OLGA CARDOSO, PIERLUIGI ROSSI, ANTONIO GALAFORO, GUIDO COLLODO | 2018, April 30th | Ozone therapy in painful lipodystrophies. A preliminary study
KEMAL VAROL, AYSE NEDRET KOC, MUSTAFA ALTAY ATALAY, IHSAN KELES | 2017, June 1st | Antifungal Activity of Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Against Candida Spp. and Saprochaete Spp.
GAETANO CUCCIO, MARIANNO FRANZINI | 2016, September 20th | Oxygen-ozone therapy in the treatment of adipose tissue diseases
BULENT UYSAL | 2014, March 20th | Ozonated olive oils and the troubles
V. TRAVAGLI, I. ZANARDI, G. VALACCHI, V. BOCCI | 2010, July 4th | Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases: A Review
MAJU SHARMA, JAMES B. HUDSON | 2008, October | Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent
VELIO BOCCI, EMMA BORRELLI, VALTER TRAVAGLIM IACOPO ZANARDI | 2009, March 3rd | The ozone paradox: Ozone is a strong oxidant as well as a medical drug
G. VALACCHI, V. FORTINO, V. BOCCI | 2005, November 18th | The dual action of ozone on the skin
ROBERT M. LUBITZ, THOMAS F. FOUST, PAUL A. PONFORD | 2023, February 5th | Risk of adverse health events associated with long-term exposure of human hands to ozonated water
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HUAMING HE, LIANG ZHENG, YAFEI LI, WEITANG SONG | 2014, May 12th | Research on the Feasibility of Spraying Micro/Nano Bubble Ozonated Water for Airborne Disease Prevention
N. G. CARMICHAEL, C. WINDER, S. H. BORGES, B. L. BACKHOUSE, P. D. LEWIS | 1982 | The Health Implications of Water Treatment With Ozone
MARCO REMONDINO, LUIGI VALDENASSI, MARIANO FRANZINI | 2018, April 30th | Pharmacoeconomic analysis of ozone therapy supported by agent based process simulation and data mining
NATHANIEL ALTMAN | 2018, April 23rd | Oxygen Healing Therapies
MARCO MAININI, MARIA LAURA ROSATO, MARGHERITA LUONGO, LUIGI MASCOLO, ILVANA MATTERA, LUCA SCHIAFFINO | 2017, May 30th | Oxygen-ozone therapy and local administration induced pain
FRANK SHALLENBERGER | 2017, March 27th | The Ozone Miracle: How you can harness the power of oxygen to keep you and your family healthy
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MARIANNO FRANZINI, LUIGI VALDENASSI, GIULIA IONITA | 2016, April 5th | First evaluations of oxygen-ozone therapy in antibiotic-resistant infections
PAUL JACONELLO | 2016, March 1st | The Disease-Fighting and Anti-aging Power of Ozone Therapy
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CARLOS G. NOGALES, PATRÍCIA H. FERRARI, EFRAIM O. KANTOROVICH, JOSÉ L. LAGE-MARQUES | 2008, May 1st | Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry
LAMBERTO RE, MOHAMED N. MAWSOUF, SILVIA MENÉNDEZ, OLGA S. LEÓN, GREGORIO M. SÁNCHEZ, FRANK HERNÁNDEZ | 2008, January | Ozone Therapy: Clinical and Basic Evidence of Its Therapeutic Potential
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GÉRARD V. SUNNEN | 2005 (review) | Ozone in Medicine: Overview and Future Directions
V. BOCCI, CARLO ALDINUCCI, EMMA BORRELLI, F. CORRADESCHI, A. DIADORI, G. FANETTI, GIUSEPPE VALACCHI | 2001, June | Ozone In Medicine
LUIZ CARLOS R. GUANABARA, LUCIANE IRANI ARCON | 2020, November from 3 to 5 | Ozone therapy in the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds (XVII Simpósio Internacional de Ciências Integradas da Unaerp Campus Guarujá)
HEE SU KIM, SUN UP NOH, YE WON HAN, KYOUNG MOON KIM, HOON HANG, HYUNG OK KIM, YOUNG MIN PARK | 2009, June 12th | Therapeutic Effects of Topical Application of Ozone on Acute Cutaneous Wound Healing
GIUSEPPE VALACCHI, YUNSOOK LIM, GIUSEPPE BELMONTE, CLELIA MIRACCO, IACOPO ZANARDI, VELIO BOCCI, VALTER TRAVAGLI | 2010, December 6th | Ozonated sesame oil enhances cutaneous wound healing in SKH1 mice
